The article presents the results of an empirical study based on data from a written exam among 85 second-year students of Journalism at the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia. The study aims to illustrate the approaches and strategies used by students in dealing with a specific media message and, particularly, the possibility of satirical news-like texts to be perceived as fake news. Nearly 70% of the students defined a publication on a website called "No! News" as fake news, even though it is a well-known satirical website. The article discusses the students' views on the concept of fake news, as well as differences between satire and fake news by making comparisons with existing research on the subject.
The EU's scientific potential is increasingly flowing into the world of new scientific knowledge. The object of this paper is the communication interpretation of the Open Science policy, covering not only access and storage of scientific information and preservation of scientific information, but communication aspects also. Purpose of the study: Establish modern trends in the scientific ecosystem oriented towards facilitating the publication and communication of scientific results. Tasks of the study: Compare new solutions in science communication models in the most popular platforms, and explore what is the alternative to traditional scientific journals. Methodology/approach: The qualitative systematic review (qualitative evidence synthesis), scientific criticism of sociological surveys, methods of analytic and synthetic processing of primary and secondary resources, secondary data analysis and overview of scientific publications available in the libraries worldwide, have been used to obtain data about the impact of new EU solutions: the European Road Map for development of the European Research Area (ERA), the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc. A comparative analysis of innovation in publishing platforms was conducted with special attention to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Gates Open Research platform. Results: The creators of the Gates Open Research platform defend the view of the rapid and socially beneficial effect of new and publicly-accepted scientific knowledge. The cutting-edge solutions are: transfer power from the hands of editors to the hands of the authors; minimize barriers or gatekeepers on the path of the new scientific outcome for society; assessment of the research not in view of the venue of publication but on the basis of the intrinsic value of the completed study; minimize the funds invested in publishing and dissemination. Implications: The conclusions can be important in identifying technological and ideological regularities for optimizing the model of scientific publications and increasing the speed and visibility of any scientific news.
This paper revises the category of the emergent reader in the light of the media theory of reading. The purpose is to find a solution to the long-occurring problems of the readers from the age of the television and the digital age, among which are easier reading refusal, reading incomprehension and susceptibility to manipulation when reading. Methods: Systematic and critical analysis was applied to the studies of the new theory of the First Thousand Days of Life, as well as to the effects of the preliteracy and emergent literacy programs. We also took into account the findings and the recommendations for future research on the developing readers, formulated in the "Stavanger Declaration Concerning the Future of Reading" published in January 2019. The results show that reading foundations are laid much earlier before it was ever thought - a circumstance that is underestimated by parents, politicians, educators and even researchers. Taking into account the increasing risks in the global reading medium, we propose the development of policies for expert trainings on "future image" of the child, professional mentor son home and family reading and personal tutors for reading culture.
